(I) Ancient seafarers found their way by observing
landmarks, such as large rocks or trees, along rivers
and coastlines. (II) When out of sight of land, they
derived clues about their location by measuring water
depth, monitoring wind patterns and wave shapes,
and observing the positions of the Sun and the stars.
(III) Later, navigators developed tools to measure a
ship’s position and progress more precisely.
(IV) They can choose from a great variety of high-
tech tools to determine their position on Earth and
find their way from one place to another. (V) They
used a magnetic compass to determine direction,
measured the height of the Sun or stars on the
horizon to fix their position, and plotted their progress
and routes on nautical maps called “charts”.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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(I) The film Last Samurai takes place in Japan in the mid-1870s and is based on the life of Saigo Takamori, a samurai. (II) This samurai lived during the period of transition in which the country's ancient feudal culture, symbolized by samurai warriors, was being rapidly replaced by western ways. (III) Production of the film began at the 1000-year-oid Engyoji temple in Hirneji near Tokyo. (IV) Throughout the film, the producers tried to be true to the elegant simplicity of Japanese architecture. (V) The rest of the film was made in New Zealand, where they built a replica of a 17th century samurai village, and in Callfornia.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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