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Yan cümlelerin kullanımı dilin daha etkili ve daha açıklayıcı olmasını sağlar. Yan cümleler ile bir cümlede daha fazla bilgi verilebilir. Clause'lar türlerine göre cümlede farklı yerlerde ve şekillerde kullanılırlar . Yan cümleler (Clauses) şu şekillerde kullanılmaktadır:
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12 Şubat 2011 Cumartesi
CLAUSE - YAN CÜMLELER ingilizce kpds üds lys 5 yds gramer konu anlatımları
3 Şubat 2011 Perşembe
ingilizce nereli olduğunu sorma where are you from başlangıç seviyesi gramer anlatımı beginner
Bu dersimizde nereli olduğu sorma ve söyleme ile ilgili yapıları inceleyeceğiz; Where are you from? I am from Ankara. Are you from Istanbul? Yes, I am (No, I am not.) Is he from Izmir? Yes, he is. (No, he isn't) |
NERELİ OLDUĞUNU SORMA VE SÖYLEME
Where are you from? | /wer ar yu from/ | : | Nerelisiniz? |
I am from Turkiye. | /ay em from .../ | : | Türkiye'liyim |
Are you from Istanbul?. | /ar yu from ..../ | : | İstanbul'lu musunuz? |
Yes, I am (No, I am not) | /yes ay em/ /no ay emnat/ | : | Evet, öyleyim. (Hayır, değilim. |
Is he from Ankara? | /iz hi from .../ | : | O Ankara'lı mı? |
Yes, he is. (No, he isn't) | /yes hi iz/ /no, hi iznt/ | : | Evet öyle, (Hayır öyle değil) |
a) Kişilerin nereli olduğunu sormak için aşağıdaki yapıyı kullanırız. Örnekleri inceleyiniz; Where are you from? I am from Istanbul. Where is he from? He is from Izmir. Where is she from? She is from Ankara. Where are they from? They are from England. b) Kişilerin nereli olduğu hakkında bilgimiz varsa ancak emin değilsek emin olmak için aşağıdaki yapıyı kullanırız; Are you from Istanbul? Yes, I am. (No, I am not) Is she from Ankara? Yes, she is. (No, she isn't) Is he from London? Yes, he is. (No, he isn't) Are they from Izmir? Yes, they are. (No, they aren't) |
1 Şubat 2011 Salı
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE konu anlatımı gramer evde ingilizce
( GENİŞ ZAMAN )
Third person singular (Üçüncü tekil şahıslar)
Note:
- he, she, it: üçüncü tekil şahıslarında fiilin sonuna -s: eklenir.
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
- Olumsuz ve soru şekillerinde DOES yardımcı fiili eklenir + fiil yalın haldedir.
He wants. Does he want? He does not want.
- Sonu -y ile biten fiillerde -s eklenirken -y kalkarak -i'ye dönüşür ve böylece -ies olarak kullanılır:
fly - flies, cry - cries
İstisna: -y den önce sesli harf varsa bu değişiklik olmaz:
play - plays, pray - prays
- Sonu -ss, -x, -sh, -ch ile biten fiillere -es eklenir:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
Examples:
1. Third person singular with s or -es
a. He goes to school every morning.
b. She understands English.
c. It mixes the sand and the water.
d. He tries very hard.
e. She enjoys playing the piano.
2. Simple present, form
Example: to like, present simple
Olumlu | Soru | Olumsuz |
I like | Do I like ? | I do not like. |
You like | Do you like? | You don't like. |
he, she, it likes | Does he, she, it like? | He, she, it doesn't like. |
we like | Do we like? | We don't like. |
you like | Do you like? | You don't like. |
The simple present şunlar için kullanılır:
- Alışkanlıkları, değişmez gerçekleri, tekrarlanan hareketleri ya da sabit durumları, duygu ve dilekleri ifade etmek için:
I smoke (alışkanlık); I work in London (değişmeyen, sabit bir durum); London is a large city (gerçek)
- Talimatlar ya da yön tarifleri için :
You walk for two hundred metres, then you turn left.
- Şimdi ve gelecekte saatleri belirlenmiş düzenlemeler için:
Your exam starts at 09.00
- after, when, before, as soon as, until gibi bağlaçlardan sonra gelecek zaman ifadelerinde:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
DİKKAT! The simple present şimdi, şu anda, içinde bulunduğumuz zamandaki olayları anlatmak için kullanmayınız.. Bunun için bakınız Present Continuous Tense.
Examples:
- For habits
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
- For repeated actions or events
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
- For general truths
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.
- For instructions or directions
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
- For fixed arrangements
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
- With future constructions
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.
simple present be 1 ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
SIMPLE PRESENT BE 1
1- Simple Present Tense'in BE fiiline örnek birkaç cümle:
This is my brother. He's ten years old.
I'm a student. These are my books.
They aren't at home. They're at the theatre.
2- Simple Present Tense BE fiilin cümledeki kullanım şekilleri şöyledir:
Olumlu | Olumsuz | Soru |
I am a student. | I am not a student. | Am I a student? |
You are a teacher. | You aren't a teacher. | Are you a teacher? |
He is a doctor. | He isn't a doctor. | Is he a doctor? |
She is a nurse. | She isn't a nurse. | Is she a nurse? |
It is a cat. | It isn't a cat. | Is it a cat? |
We are happy. | We aren't happy. | Are we happy? |
They are in England. | They aren't in England. | Are they in England? |
3- Konuşmalarda genellikle kısaltmalar yaparız.
Örneğin:
She's my sister. He's my brother. I'm from Italy. They're German.
4- Simple Present Tense BE aşağıdaki durumlarda kullanılır:
I'm Erkan and this is my friend Mustafa. We're from Turkey.
It's cold today.
It's a beautiful day.
It's usually hot here!
It isn't very warm today.
It's ten o'clock.
It's half past four.
You're late!
Milan is in the north of Italy.
John and Mary are in Yorkshire.
My sister is seven years old.
Would like ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Timothy: Excuse me, I'm looking for bananas. Do you know where they are?
Store worker: Yes, sir. Bananas are in the Produce Section.
Timothy: Thank you. Did you say the Produce Section? Where is that?
Store worker: Would you like me to show you?
Timothy: Yes, thank you.
This that these those ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
1.İşlev
İşaret zamirleri this bu, that şu, these bunlar, thoseşunlar , konuşmacının nesne veya insanla olan münasebetini bildirirler.
This (singular) and these (plural) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya yakın olduğunu bildirir. That (singular tekil) and those (plural çoğul) nesne veya insanın konuşmacıya uzak olduğunu bildirir. Bu fiziksel yakınlık ya da uzaklık olabilir. Örneğin:
Who owns that house? (uzak) Şu evin sahibi kim?
Is this John's house? (yakın) Bu John'un evi mi?
Ya da bu psikolojik bir uzaklık da olabilir. Örneğin:
That's nothing to do with me.. (uzak) Benimle hiçbir alakası yok
This is a nice surprise! (yakın) Bu ne güzel bir sürpriz!
2.Kullanım
a) Before the noun. (İsimden önce)
b) Before the word 'one'. ('one' kelimesinden önce)
c) Before an adjective + noun. (Sıfat + isimden önce)
d) Alone when the noun is 'understood'. (İsim önceden biliniyor ve anlaşılıyorsa tek başına kullanılabilir.)
Örnekler:
a)This car looks cleaner than that one.
b) This old world keeps turning round
c) Do you remember that wonderful day in June?
d) I'll never forget this.
çoğul kelimeler ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
THE PLURAL OF NOUNS (ÇOĞUL İSİMLER)
Genellikle isimlere -s ya da -es eklenerek çoğul yaparılır.
Singular (Tekil) | Plural (Çoğul) |
book | books |
cat | cats |
house | houses |
glass | glasses |
Bir ünsüzden sonra sonu -y ile biten isimlere -ies. eklenerek çoğul yapılır.
Singular (Tekil) | Plural (Çoğul) |
a cry | cries |
a fly | flies |
a nappy | nappies |
a poppy | poppies |
a city | cities |
a lady | ladies |
a baby | babies |
Bir ünlüden sonra -y ile biten isimlere ise sadece -s eklenir.
Singular (Tekil) | Plural (Çoğul) |
boy | boys |
day | days |
play | plays |
toy | toys |
Bazı isimler vardırki -s ya da -es eklenerek çoğul yapılmaz bunlar düzensizdirler. İşte size bunlardan birkaç örnek:
Irregular plurals (Düzensiz İsimler):
Singular (Tekil) | Plural (Çoğul) |
woman | women |
man | men |
child | children |
tooth | teeth |
foot | feet |
person | people |
leaf | leaves |
half | halves |
knife | knives |
wife | wives |
life | lives |
loaf | loaves |
potato | potatoes |
cactus | cacti |
focus | foci |
fungus | fungi |
nucleus | nuclei |
syllabus | syllabi/syllabuses |
analysis | analyses |
diagnosis | diagnoses |
oasis | oases |
thesis | theses |
crisis | crises |
phenomenon | phenomena |
criterion | criteria |
datum | data |
Bazı isimlere ise çoğul takısı eklenmez. Tekil ve çoğul kullanımları aynıdır. İşte size birkaç örnek:
Singular (Tekil) | Plural (Çoğul) |
sheep | sheep |
fish | fish |
species | species |
aircraft | aircraft |
Must / Mustn't ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
| : | telaffuz: /mast/ anlamı: (-meli, -malı) |
1- must ile insanlara ne yapmaları gerektiğini söyleriz. You must pay the bill before you leave the restaurant. |
2- Kendimiz için faydalı ve gerekli olan şeyleri anlatırız. I must study lesson now. |
| : | telaffuz: /masınt/ anlamı: (-memeli, -mamalı) |
1- mustn't ile insanlara ne yapmamaları gerektiğini söyleriz. You mustn't tell lies. |
2- şimdiki ve gelecekle ilgili ifadeler için kullanırız. I am so tired. I must go to bed and sleep.. |
May / Maybe ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer soruları evde ingilizce
MAY
1) possibility/ it is likely to (olasılık)
It may rain tomorrow.
I may go to school early.
2) you have permission, to be allowed to (izin verme)
You may take/have a seat now.
You may join us if you wish.
May is followed by the root form of a verb (without 'to'). (May den sonra 'To'suz yalın fiil kullanılır.)
It may rain...
I may go...
---------------------------
MAY BE
(Eğer bir soruya 'evet' ya da 'hayır' ile cevap veremiyorsanız "Maybe" (Belki, olabilir) diyerek bir olasılık ifade edebilirsiniz.)
Maybe we'll go to the movies tomorrow.
Maybe they will give a hand to him.
Maybe she won't come to the meeting.
(Maybe daima cümlenin başında ya da sorulara kısa cevap olarak kullanılır.)
Jack: 'Are you going to the gym tonight?'
Mary: 'Maybe.'
31 Ocak 2011 Pazartesi
DIRECTIONS YÖNLER ingilizce konu anlatımı gramer
ANA YÖNLER
NORTH | KUZEY |
EAST | DOĞU |
WEST | BATI |
SOUTH | GÜNEY |
ARA YÖNLER
NORTH-WEST | KUZEY BATI |
NORTH-EAST | KUZEY DOĞU |
SOUTH-WEST | GÜNEY BATI |
SOUTH-EAST | GÜNEY DOĞU |
NOTLAR:
Where is Alanya? Alanya nerededir?
Alanya is in the south of Turkey. Alanya Türkiyenin güneyindedir.
Where is Edirne? Edirne nerededir?
Edirne is in the north-west of Turkey. Edirne Türkiyenin kuzey batısındadır.
30 Ocak 2011 Pazar
VERB ("TO BE") ingilizce gramer konu anlatımı soruları
A verb can also be a word that shows a state or condition. (I am tired).
Some state verbs are: is, are, am
the verb ("to be") usually follows a noun or pronoun.
singular | plural |
I am | we are |
you are | you are |
he is | they are |
it is | |
she is |
Verb ("to be")
(noun or pronoun) verb |
Bill is a man. |
He is a boy. |
Tara is a girl. |
Terry and Robert are happy. |
A mouse is small. |
I am Canadian. |
Tom is tired. |
A-an ingilizce gramer konu anlatımı gramer soruları
A - AN
a : bir, herhangi bir a book : bir kitap
an: bir, herhangi bir an egg : bir yumurta
AÇIKLAMA
A, sessiz (ünsüz) harf ile başlayan isimlerden önce gelir.
a book a girl a director a school a restaurant a watch a city
An, sesli (ünlü) harf ile başlayan isimlerden önce gelir.
an orange an apple an egg an actress an ice-cream
Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken harf değil sesdir. Örneğin hour kelimesi sessiz harf
ile başlar ama okunurken h teleffuz edilmez, /aur/ olarak telefuz edilir ve sesli olarak başlar.
Dolayısıyla an hour doğru cevaptır.
İkinci bir örnek olarak da university. "u" /yu/ olarak telafuz edildiği için sessiz harf ile
başlar ve doğru cevap a university olur.
28 Ocak 2011 Cuma
ingilizce hikaye oku yeni hikayeler level 1 2 3 4 5
Hit also joins with other words to create many colorful expressions. One is hit the road. It means to travel or to leave a place, as suggested in this song, "Hit the Road."
Another common expression is hit the spot. At first it meant hitting a spot at the center of a target with an arrow. Someone who did so was satisfied with his shooting. Now, hitting the spot usually means that a food or drink is especially satisfying.
Many years ago, Pepsi Cola sold its drink with a song that began, "Pepsi Cola hits the spot, twelve full ounces, that's a lot…"
Another expression involving hit is hit bottom. Something that has hit bottom can go no lower. If the price of shares of a stock hits bottom that might be the time to buy it. Its value can only go up.
A student who tells you his grades have hit bottom is saying he has not done well in school.
When a student's grades hit bottom it is time to hit the books. Hit the books is another way to saying it is time to study. A student might have to tell her friends she can not go with them to the movies because she has to hit the books.
Not hitting the books could lead to an unpleasant situation for a student. The father or mother may hit the ceiling when they see the low grades. Someone who hits the ceiling, the top of the room, is violently angry.
A wife may hit the ceiling because her husband forgot their wedding anniversary.
To build something of wood, you usually need a hammer. That is what you use to hit nails into the pieces of wood to hold them together. When you hit the nail on the head, exactly on its top, it goes into the wood perfectly. And when someone says your words or actions hit the nail on the head, he means what you said or did was exactly right.
If you are tired after hitting all those nails on the head, then it is time to hit the hay. That expression comes from the days when people slept on beds filled with dried grass or hay. Some people slept on hay in barns where they kept their farm animals.
Hitting the hay simply means going to bed. That is a good idea. I think I will hit the hay now.
Üds fen sağlık bilimleri paragraf soruları 2011 - 1.versiyon
A) The pancreas is a leaf-shaped gland about five inches long
B) Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas
C) This pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes
D) Almost everyone with acute pancreatitis suffers severe abdominal pain in the upper midabdomen
E) No single blood test proves a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
---------------------------------------------------------------
Ecology is the study of the relationship of plants
and animals to their physical and biological
environment. The physical environment includes
light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind,
nutrients in soil, water, and atmosphere. The
biological environment includes organisms of the
same kind as well as other plants and animals.
---- For this reason, it draws upon such fields as
climatology, hydrology, oceanography, physics,
chemistry, geology, and soil analysis as well as
animal behaviour, taxonomy, physiology, and
mathematics.
A) Different kinds of organisms often share the
same environment, which makes the relationship
between them significant.
B) However, due to the climate and other natural
factors, physical and biological environments
show great diversity in the world.
C) An increased public awareness of environmental
problems has made ecology a common but often
misused word.
D) Our understanding of environmental problems
has increased by a very large extent over the
last few decades.
E) Although the field is a distinct scientific discipline,
it has a close relationship with other disciplines
ÜDS akışı bozan cümle soruları 2011 - 1.versiyon
landmarks, such as large rocks or trees, along rivers
and coastlines. (II) When out of sight of land, they
derived clues about their location by measuring water
depth, monitoring wind patterns and wave shapes,
and observing the positions of the Sun and the stars.
(III) Later, navigators developed tools to measure a
ship’s position and progress more precisely.
(IV) They can choose from a great variety of high-
tech tools to determine their position on Earth and
find their way from one place to another. (V) They
used a magnetic compass to determine direction,
measured the height of the Sun or stars on the
horizon to fix their position, and plotted their progress
and routes on nautical maps called “charts”.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
----------------------------------------------------------
(I) The film Last Samurai takes place in Japan in the mid-1870s and is based on the life of Saigo Takamori, a samurai. (II) This samurai lived during the period of transition in which the country's ancient feudal culture, symbolized by samurai warriors, was being rapidly replaced by western ways. (III) Production of the film began at the 1000-year-oid Engyoji temple in Hirneji near Tokyo. (IV) Throughout the film, the producers tried to be true to the elegant simplicity of Japanese architecture. (V) The rest of the film was made in New Zealand, where they built a replica of a 17th century samurai village, and in Callfornia.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
ÜDS cümle tamamlama soruları 2011 - 1.versiyon
A) Although biology is also very closely related to the disciplines of medicine and agriculture
B) Now that biology has received contributions from and made contributions to many other disciplines
C) Another 20th-century development has been the realization that
D) By utilizing modern methods of investigation, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy
E) Just as the 19th century can be considered the age of cellular biology
------------------------------------
---- when we interfere with planetary processes on a large scale.
A) Climate change would almost certainly be accelerated
B) We were extremely lucky that industrialists
chose to use chlorine compounds not bromine
C) The polar regions were adversely affected too
D) We know surprisingly little about the risks we are running
E) Aerosol emissions stay in the atmosphere for only a few days
---------------------------------------------------------------------
As most of the neighbours gathered outside the house, ....... .
A) I was sure there was something wrong with poor Mr Green
B) people seem to be trying to help each other
C) we have looked for someone to help us for more than three hours
D) most of them were living in those terrible slums with their families
E) they have had to call the police in case we are in trouble
ÜDS gramer soruları 2011 - 1.versiyon
A) had defined / underwent
B) can define / undergo
C) have defined / had undergone
D) defined / will have undergone
E) define / would have undergone
--------------------------------------
A) have believed / had moved
B) believe / have moved
C) had believed / move
D) were believing / could have moved
E) believed / moved
---------------------------------------------
----,it rode aboard the massive Saturn V rocket.
A) Even if the scientists at Nasa were concerned about the quality of the spacecraft Apollo 11
B) Since the spacecraft Apollo 11 had been designed by a special team of engineers.
C) Whether the spacecraft Apollo 11 was to be used for lunar missions
D) Although a lot of money was spent for the development of the spacecraft Apollo 11
E) When the spacecraft Apollo 11 went to the Moon in 1969
27 Ocak 2011 Perşembe
KPDS gramer soruları 2011 . 1.versiyon
a)had been caught
b)were being caught
c)caught
d)would catch
e)were caught
--------------------------------------------------
A series of gas discoveries in recent years in the Western Desert of Egypt means that a range of new export projects must be developed ---- the country is to make full use of its new reserves.
A) lest
B) although
C) after
D) as if
E) if
-------------------------------------------
.................you haven't got these qualifications doesn't necessarily mean you wont be able to enter the university.
a)the fact that
b)it's a fact that
c)the fact
d)the fact is that
----------------------------------------
...................,the sun measures about 860.000 miles in diameter.
a) that a flaming ball of hot gases
b)a flaming ball of hot gases
c)since a flaming ball of hot gases
d)it is a flaming ball of hot gases
---------------------------------------
Sıklık zarflar gramer konu anlatımı
***Yardımcı fiil bulunmayan olumlu cümlelerde bu zarflar asıl fiilden önce, yani özne ile yüklem arasında yer alır.
-She always sings in English. . .
-I sometimes feel depressed.
-They seldom go to the theatre.
**Bu zarflar "am, is, are" dan sonra gelir.
-I sometimes go to work late./I am sometimes late for work.
-Sıklık bildiren zarfların olumsuz cümledeki yeri değişiktir.
***"Always" daima olumsuzluk eki "not" dan sonra gelir.
-I don't always get up early.
-She doesn't always study very hard.
-They aren't always late for class.
"frequently, sometimes ve occasionally" olumsuzluk ekinden önce gelir.
-I sometimes don't want to be with people.
-She frequently doesn't want to do her homework.
-They sometimes aren't ready on time.
-She occasionally isn't polite to the people around her.
***Birinci tekil şahıs için bu kural geçerli değildir. Zarf, yardımcı fiil "am" ile "not" arasında yer alır.
I'm sometimes not patient enough with children.
***"usually, generally ve often" her iki durumda da kullanılır.
-They usually don't go out on Sundays./They don't usually go out on Sundays.
-We often don't watch TV./We don't often watch TV.
-They generally aren't awake till 1 a.m./They aren't generally awake till 1 a.m.
***"rarely, seldom, hardly ever, almost never ve never" olumsuz cümlede kullanılmaz. Bu zarflar sadece olumlu cümlede kullanılır, ancak olumsuz bir anlam taşır.
-I hardly ever go to the theatre. (Tiyatroya hemen hemen hiç gitmem.)
-I'm hardly ever nervous before an exam. (Bir sınav öncesinde neredyse hiçheyecanlnmam.)
-She never comes to her classes on time.
-She is never on time for her classes. (Derslerine asla/hiç vaktinde gelmez.)
**Olumlu anlam taşıyan sıklık zarflarını "(usually, generally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally)" dilbilgisi kurallarına uygun bu kullanımlarının yanı sıra, cümlede vurguyu artırmak için, cümlenin başında da kullanabiliriz. Özellikle "sometimes" bu şekilde çok sık kullanılır.
-Sometimes I get angry easily.
-Occasionally I don't need to get up early.
-Usually they spend too much money on luxuries.
**"Occasionally ve sometimes", cümle sonunda da yer alabilir.
-I go to the theatre occasionally.
-He is a bit lazy sometimes.
"Often", özellikle "quite ve very" ile birlikte kullanıldığında cümle sonunda da yer alabilir.
-We come to this restaurant quite often.
-Do you catch colds often?
-I don't watch television very often.
**"Rarely ve seldom", özellikle "only, very ve quite" ile birlikte kullanıldığında, cümle sonunda yer alabilir.
-I eat meat very seldom.
-She smokes cigars quite rarely.